Good Cause Eviction

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Good Cause Eviction

Eviction without just cause, or “good cause eviction”, is a misnomer used to camouflage a significant change in property rights. There are categorically no legal evictions in New York without just cause – in this sense, New York has always had good cause evictions. An eviction of a residential tenant is governed by a statutory process, which requires an order of the court to proceed. There are procedures built into the judicial eviction process to ensure tenant rights are protected. It is unlawful to evict a tenant without an order from a court of competent jurisdiction. It is a class A misdemeanor to evict an occupant from their home without a court order. Law enforcement is able to intervene in an unlawful eviction as a crime.
A black and white photo of a house with a door.
A good cause eviction bill would create a new system of rent controls that creates a permanent tenancy for almost every tenant in the state. An owner must renew a tenant’s lease and is limited to minimal rent increases set by the government when the lease expires. It provides a rental tenant with a life tenancy, allowing them to rent an apartment or home until they die or determine that they don’t want to continue to lease the property barring any lease violations. A lease term is no longer effective or legally significant. An owner no longer would be able to lease a property for a prescribed period of time. A tenant would not be required to vacate after their lease has expired, nor could they be removed for holding over. An owner would lose control of their property under this new regulatory scheme, while retaining all the obligations under the lease. There is no reciprocal benefit to the owner for the loss of their property right. The tenant is not required to accept any additional responsibilities, and a property owner is further burdened by a one-sided relationship that, once commenced, can only be terminated by the tenant.

Adding economic insult to property rights injury, this permanent tenancy also comes with a limitation on the amount an owner is able to increase the rent, i.e. rent control. There is a rebuttable presumption that a rent increase is unreasonable if an annual increase exceeds CPI+5% or 10% whichever is lower. The issue of an unreasonable rent increase would be raised in the context of a failure to pay rent by the tenant or an objection by the tenant to any increase in an offered lease renewal. This would put property owners at a significant economic disadvantage with each passing year, as they not only fail to realize economic return from their property, but also struggle to meet operational costs such as property taxes, heating, oil, and water bills, which are not limited by an annual cap. It would deter renovation of the property, both internally and externally, leading to dilapidation of housing and neighborhoods in a way that has already been seen with rent regulated buildings in New York City.

Proponents of eviction without just cause argue that it provides housing stability by combatting gentrification since tenants are not subject to lease non-renewal, and that lease non-renewal together with a cap on rent increases provides rent regulation protections for tenants, resulting in a decline in eviction and eviction filings. These objectives come at great costs however to society as a whole.
Any positive outcomes for tenants come at the expense of the owner. The costs of protecting tenants from market rents is transferred to owners. This is rent control. If the state and the municipalities want to provide rental subsidies to support tenants who are unable to afford market rents then they should do so. However, by choosing instead to limit fair market rents, the government removes the responsibility to subsidize housing from itself and places that burden squarely on the private sector. It purposefully applies a sledge hammer to the private rental market where a gavel would work. Rental subsidies provide housing stability for those that need the assistance, but this policy would punish property owners merely for owning property, decrease the housing stock, and disincentivize renovation and revitalization – the opposite of what the bill purports to do.
The erosion of the owner’s property rights has consequences. The value of the owner’s rental property is negatively impacted. Owners are not able to sell the property for its true rental value or to convert the property to another commercial use including to condominium or cooperative forms of ownership. This impacts not only development opportunities but also financing options and opportunities for sale of the property. The limitation on lease renewal also impacts the ability to repair or rehabilitate units. Tenants are incentivized to hold on to their units because of the cap on rents. The housing stock in general will suffer from disinvestment and not be upgraded.